{"id":16908,"date":"2023-11-21T16:37:04","date_gmt":"2023-11-21T14:37:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blaj-law.ro\/servicii\/delapidarea\/"},"modified":"2026-01-19T16:29:12","modified_gmt":"2026-01-19T14:29:12","slug":"zpronevera-v-rumunsku","status":"publish","type":"servicii","link":"https:\/\/blaj-law.ro\/cs\/servicii\/zpronevera-v-rumunsku\/","title":{"rendered":"Zpronev\u011bra v Rumunsku"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V souladu s ustanoven\u00edmi \u00a7 295 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku p\u0159edstavuje zpronev\u011bra <em>p\u0159isvojen\u00ed, pou\u017eit\u00ed nebo zcizen\u00ed pen\u011bz, cennost\u00ed \u010di jin\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm \u010dinitelem, a to ve vlastn\u00edm z\u00e1jmu nebo ve prosp\u011bch jin\u00e9 osoby, kter\u00e9 spravuje nebo m\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9 dispozici. Trestem za uveden\u00fd trestn\u00fd \u010din je odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody na dobu od 2 do 7 let a z\u00e1kaz v\u00fdkonu pr\u00e1va zast\u00e1vat ve\u0159ejnou funkci.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Sou\u010dasn\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava stanov\u00ed, \u017ee <em>pokus o trestn\u00fd \u010din zpronev\u011bry je trestn\u00fd.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Zpronev\u011bra je v trestn\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u00edku za\u0159azena do kategorie trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f sp\u00e1chan\u00fdch p\u0159i v\u00fdkonu slu\u017eby a je t\u0159eba zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee pro napln\u011bn\u00ed jej\u00edch znak\u016f existence je nezbytn\u00e9, aby pachatel m\u011bl povinnost spravovat nebo \u0159\u00eddit ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u011bci \u010di hodnoty, kter\u00e9 si p\u0159isvoj\u00ed, pou\u017eije nebo s nimi nakl\u00e1d\u00e1 ve sv\u016fj prosp\u011bch nebo ve prosp\u011bch jin\u00e9 osoby.<\/p>\n<p>Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava stanov\u00ed n\u011bkolik normativn\u00edch forem sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu zpronev\u011bry. Jak vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z ustanoven\u00ed \u00a7 295 platn\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku, zp\u016fsoby sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed skutku popsan\u00e9 v z\u00e1konn\u00e9m textu jsou \u201ep\u0159isvojen\u00ed\u201c, \u201epou\u017eit\u00ed\u201c a \u201ezcizen\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Materi\u00e1ln\u00ed znak trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt napln\u011bn prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm <strong>p\u0159isvojen\u00ed<\/strong> majetku sv\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho do spr\u00e1vy na z\u00e1klad\u011b slu\u017eebn\u00edch povinnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Rovn\u011b\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt skutek sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm <strong>pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/strong> pen\u011bz, cennost\u00ed nebo jin\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed. Tato varianta p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 do\u010dasn\u00e9 u\u017eit\u00ed v\u011bci, kter\u00e1 je n\u00e1sledn\u011b vr\u00e1cena do majetku jednotky, v jej\u00edm\u017e r\u00e1mci jsou vykon\u00e1v\u00e1ny spr\u00e1vn\u00ed nebo hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fakony.<\/p>\n<p>V neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt skutek sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm <strong>zcizen\u00ed<\/strong> v\u011bc\u00ed, co\u017e p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 jejich do\u010dasn\u00e9 podroben\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdm operac\u00edm, v jejich\u017e d\u016fsledku si pachatel p\u0159isvoj\u00ed dosa\u017een\u00fd zisk.<\/p>\n<p>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy jsou sp\u00e1ch\u00e1ny jak \u00fakony p\u0159isvojen\u00ed, pou\u017eit\u00ed, tak i zcizen\u00ed, nep\u016fjde o soub\u011bh trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f, ale o jedin\u00fd trestn\u00fd \u010din, nebo\u0165 skutkov\u00e1 podstata m\u00e1 alternativn\u00ed charakter.<\/p>\n<p>Jak ostatn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed auto\u0159i: <em>,,M\u00e1 se za to, \u017ee k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee schodek v hospoda\u0159en\u00ed je v\u00fdsledkem sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed zpronev\u011bry, je nezbytn\u00e9, aby tato okolnost byla podlo\u017eena dal\u0161\u00edmi skute\u010dnostmi, z nich\u017e by nepochybn\u011b vypl\u00fdvalo, \u017ee hospod\u00e1\u0159 skute\u010dn\u011b sp\u00e1chal skutek kriminalizovan\u00fd ustanoven\u00edm \u00a7 295 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku. Pokud neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00fd d\u016fkaz, kter\u00fd by potvrzoval vinu pachatele ve vztahu k n\u011bkter\u00e9mu z jedn\u00e1n\u00ed popsan\u00fdch prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm<\/em> <em>verbum regens<\/em>, <em>nelze mu tento trestn\u00fd \u010din kl\u00e1st za vinu. Je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee schodky v hospoda\u0159en\u00ed mohou m\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny, a pokud org\u00e1ny \u010dinn\u00e9 v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nezjistily, v kter\u00e9 z alternativn\u00edch forem popsan\u00fdch z\u00e1konod\u00e1rcem v norm\u011b o trestnosti (p\u0159isvojen\u00ed, pou\u017eit\u00ed nebo zcizen\u00ed), p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v\u016f\u010di jak\u00e9mu p\u0159edm\u011btu \u00fatoku (pen\u00edze, cennosti nebo jin\u00e9 v\u011bci) m\u011bl obvin\u011bn\u00fd jednat, nelze mu trestn\u00fd \u010din zpronev\u011bry p\u0159i\u010d\u00edtat. V situaci, kdy bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee i zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st schodku v hospoda\u0159en\u00ed je d\u016fsledkem zpronev\u011bry, nelze tu \u010d\u00e1st, u n\u00ed\u017e nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 prok\u00e1zat p\u0159isvojen\u00ed, pou\u017eit\u00ed nebo zcizen\u00ed, pova\u017eovat za zpronev\u011b\u0159enou pouze proto, \u017ee bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no odcizen\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti hodnot sv\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch do spr\u00e1vy, nebo\u0165 by to odporovalo z\u00e1sad\u011b, podle n\u00ed\u017e se vina v trestn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu nep\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, ale mus\u00ed b\u00fdt prok\u00e1z\u00e1na.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Sou\u010dasn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u00edme, \u017ee trestn\u00fd \u010din m\u00e1 rovn\u011b\u017e kvalifikovanou skutkovou podstatu, a to v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy \u010din zp\u016fsob\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b \u0161kodu p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stku 2 000 000 lei, jak stanov\u00ed \u00a7 309 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku. Pokud je zji\u0161t\u011bno sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dinu za takov\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed, zvy\u0161uj\u00ed se zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed hranice trestn\u00ed sazby o polovinu.<\/p>\n<p>Advok\u00e1ti t\u00fdmu Blaj Law poskytuj\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed poradenstv\u00ed a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed v takov\u00fdch situac\u00edch. Kontaktujte n\u00e1s je\u0161t\u011b dnes!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V souladu s ustanoven\u00edmi \u00a7 295 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku p\u0159edstavuje zpronev\u011bra p\u0159isvojen\u00ed, pou\u017eit\u00ed nebo zcizen\u00ed pen\u011bz, cennost\u00ed \u010di jin\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm \u010dinitelem, a to ve vlastn\u00edm z\u00e1jmu nebo ve prosp\u011bch jin\u00e9 osoby, kter\u00e9 spravuje nebo m\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9 dispozici. Trestem za uveden\u00fd trestn\u00fd \u010din je odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody na dobu od 2 do 7 let a z\u00e1kaz [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":15381,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-16908","servicii","type-servicii","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blaj-law.ro\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/servicii\/16908","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blaj-law.ro\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/servicii"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blaj-law.ro\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/servicii"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blaj-law.ro\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15381"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blaj-law.ro\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16908"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}