{"id":16963,"date":"2022-11-10T12:09:29","date_gmt":"2022-11-10T10:09:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blaj-law.ro\/servicii\/drept-penal\/infractiuni-contra-patrimoniului\/"},"modified":"2026-01-19T16:28:31","modified_gmt":"2026-01-19T14:28:31","slug":"trestne-ciny-proti-majetku-v-rumunsku","status":"publish","type":"servicii","link":"https:\/\/blaj-law.ro\/cs\/servicii\/trestni-pravo-v-rumunsku\/trestne-ciny-proti-majetku-v-rumunsku\/","title":{"rendered":"Trestn\u00e9 \u010diny proti majetku v Rumunsku"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pro\u010d by v\u00e1s m\u011bl advok\u00e1t specializovan\u00fd na trestn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo z Klu\u017ee zastupovat p\u0159ed org\u00e1ny \u010dinn\u00fdmi v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo p\u0159ed soudem?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Konzultace s advok\u00e1tem specializovan\u00fdm na trestn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo je nezbytn\u00e1 po celou dobu trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v p\u0159\u00edpadech trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f proti majetku, s ohledem na p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 tresty za tento druh trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e9 mohou v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kvalifikovan\u00e9 kr\u00e1de\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout a\u017e 10 let odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Na\u0161i advok\u00e1ti s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdmi zku\u0161enostmi v oblasti trestn\u00edho pr\u00e1va disponuj\u00ed bohatou prax\u00ed p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f proti majetku a mohou v\u00e1m poskytnout specializovanou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed asistenci nezbytnou k formulov\u00e1n\u00ed co nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obhajoby p\u0159ed soudem, \u010d\u00edm\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k ochran\u011b va\u0161ich z\u00e1jm\u016f v r\u00e1mci komplexn\u00edho trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Co jsou trestn\u00e9 \u010diny proti majetku a kter\u00e9 z nich existuj\u00ed?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Trestn\u00e9 \u010diny proti majetku jsou trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, jejich\u017e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm je chr\u00e1n\u011bn majetek, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e je chr\u00e1n\u011bno jak vlastnick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo, tak i dr\u017eba nebo detence v\u011bci (v\u010detn\u011b tzv. prek\u00e9rn\u00ed detence). Nap\u0159\u00edklad v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kr\u00e1de\u017ee je chr\u00e1n\u011bna poctiv\u00e1 dr\u017eba i v\u016f\u010di samotn\u00e9mu vlastn\u00edkovi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto trestn\u00e9 \u010diny jsou upraveny v hlav\u011b II zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku (\u010dl\u00e1nky 228\u20132561<\/sup>) a pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b zejm\u00e9na kr\u00e1de\u017e, loupe\u017e, podvod, zpronev\u011bra, poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnosti p\u0159i spr\u00e1v\u011b ciz\u00edho majetku a dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na\u0161i advok\u00e1ti s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdmi zku\u0161enostmi v oblasti trestn\u00edho pr\u00e1va disponuj\u00ed bohatou prax\u00ed p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f proti majetku a mohou v\u00e1m poskytnout specializovanou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed asistenci nezbytnou k formulov\u00e1n\u00ed co nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obhajoby p\u0159ed soudem, \u010d\u00edm\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k ochran\u011b va\u0161ich z\u00e1jm\u016f v r\u00e1mci komplexn\u00edho trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Co jsou trestn\u00e9 \u010diny proti majetku a kter\u00e9 z nich existuj\u00ed?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Trestn\u00e9 \u010diny proti majetku jsou trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, jejich\u017e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm je chr\u00e1n\u011bn majetek, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e je chr\u00e1n\u011bno jak vlastnick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo, tak i dr\u017eba nebo detence v\u011bci (v\u010detn\u011b tzv. prek\u00e9rn\u00ed detence). Nap\u0159\u00edklad v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kr\u00e1de\u017ee je chr\u00e1n\u011bna poctiv\u00e1 dr\u017eba i v\u016f\u010di samotn\u00e9mu vlastn\u00edkovi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto trestn\u00e9 \u010diny jsou upraveny v hlav\u011b II zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku (\u010dl\u00e1nky 228\u20132561<\/sup>) a pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b zejm\u00e9na kr\u00e1de\u017e, loupe\u017e, podvod, zpronev\u011bra, poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnosti p\u0159i spr\u00e1v\u011b ciz\u00edho majetku a dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na\u0161i advok\u00e1ti s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdmi zku\u0161enostmi v oblasti trestn\u00edho pr\u00e1va disponuj\u00ed bohatou prax\u00ed p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f proti majetku a mohou v\u00e1m poskytnout specializovanou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed asistenci nezbytnou k formulov\u00e1n\u00ed co nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obhajoby p\u0159ed soudem, \u010d\u00edm\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k ochran\u011b va\u0161ich z\u00e1jm\u016f v r\u00e1mci komplexn\u00edho trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Co jsou trestn\u00e9 \u010diny proti majetku a kter\u00e9 z nich existuj\u00ed?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Trestn\u00e9 \u010diny proti majetku jsou trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, jejich\u017e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm je chr\u00e1n\u011bn majetek, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e je chr\u00e1n\u011bno jak vlastnick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo, tak i dr\u017eba nebo detence v\u011bci (v\u010detn\u011b tzv. prek\u00e9rn\u00ed detence). Nap\u0159\u00edklad v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kr\u00e1de\u017ee je chr\u00e1n\u011bna poctiv\u00e1 dr\u017eba i v\u016f\u010di samotn\u00e9mu vlastn\u00edkovi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto trestn\u00e9 \u010diny jsou upraveny v hlav\u011b II zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku (\u010dl\u00e1nky 228\u20132561<\/sup>) a pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b zejm\u00e9na kr\u00e1de\u017e, loupe\u017e, podvod, zpronev\u011bra, poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnosti p\u0159i spr\u00e1v\u011b ciz\u00edho majetku a dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento trestn\u00fd \u010din pohlcuje trestn\u00fd \u010din ubl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na zdrav\u00ed nebo jin\u00e9ho n\u00e1sil\u00ed, vyhro\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a zbaven\u00ed osobn\u00ed svobody (v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b uveden\u00ed ob\u011bti do stavu bezv\u011bdom\u00ed). Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je nezbytn\u00e9, aby stav bezv\u011bdom\u00ed ob\u011bti byl zp\u016fsoben pachatelem a aby nebyl p\u0159edchoz\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Loupe\u017e se trest\u00e1 odn\u011bt\u00edm svobody v trv\u00e1n\u00ed od 2 do 7 let a z\u00e1kazem v\u00fdkonu n\u011bkter\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed se i jej\u00ed pokus. P\u0159it\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed formy loupe\u017ee jsou zahrnuty v r\u00e1mci trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu kvalifikovan\u00e9 loupe\u017ee (\u010dl\u00e1nek 234 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku), kter\u00e1 se trest\u00e1 odn\u011bt\u00edm svobody a\u017e na 12 let a z\u00e1kazem v\u00fdkonu n\u011bkter\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. Mezi zp\u016fsoby sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed kvalifikovan\u00e9 loupe\u017ee pat\u0159\u00ed loupe\u017e sp\u00e1chan\u00e1 v noci, vloup\u00e1n\u00edm do obydl\u00ed a loupe\u017e sp\u00e1chan\u00e1 zneu\u017eit\u00edm zjevn\u00e9 zranitelnosti po\u0161kozen\u00e9 osoby.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podvod<\/b><\/p>\n

Trestn\u00fd \u010din podvodu je kriminalizov\u00e1n \u010dl\u00e1nkem 244 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku, podle n\u011bho\u017e se trest\u00e1 \u201euveden\u00ed osoby v omyl prezentov\u00e1n\u00edm nepravdiv\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti jako pravdiv\u00e9 nebo pravdiv\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti jako nepravdiv\u00e9, za \u00fa\u010delem z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho majetkov\u00e9ho prosp\u011bchu pro sebe nebo pro jin\u00e9ho, pokud byla zp\u016fsobena \u0161koda\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento \u010din m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n jakoukoli fyzickou nebo pr\u00e1vnickou osobou.<\/span> Hmotn\u00fdm p\u0159edm\u011btem<\/span><\/i> m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jak movit\u00e1, tak i nemovit\u00e1 v\u011bc. Podvod v dokonan\u00e9m stadiu se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze t\u0159\u00ed etap:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Uveden\u00ed osoby v omyl \u2013 spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v jedn\u00e1n\u00ed pachatele, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je vytvo\u0159it v v\u011bdom\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00e9 osoby zkreslen\u00fd obraz reality, a to bez ohledu na pou\u017eit\u00fd prost\u0159edek (\u00fastn\u011b, p\u00edsemn\u011b apod.). Trestn\u00fd \u010din nelze sp\u00e1chat opomenut\u00edm, pachatel tedy mus\u00ed jednat aktivn\u011b (s v\u00fdjimkou vztah\u016f mezi profesion\u00e1ly a spot\u0159ebiteli, v r\u00e1mci nich\u017e existuje z\u00e1konn\u00e1 povinnost poskytnout ur\u010dit\u00e9 informace). Toto uveden\u00ed v omyl se mus\u00ed vztahovat ke skute\u010dnostem minul\u00fdm nebo sou\u010dasn\u00fdm, kter\u00e9 lze objektivn\u011b ov\u011b\u0159it.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Uveden\u00ed v omyl mus\u00ed v\u00e9st k jedn\u00e1n\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9 je pro n\u011bj \u0161kodliv\u00e9 (tj. ke vzniku \u0161kody) \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad k odevzd\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bci, vzd\u00e1n\u00ed se pr\u00e1va nebo k neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 platb\u011b. Toto jedn\u00e1n\u00ed mus\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo zp\u016fsobit \u0161kodu a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uskute\u010dn\u011bno nejen samotnou po\u0161kozenou osobou, ale i jej\u00edm z\u00e1stupcem.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Fakultativn\u00ed f\u00e1ze \u2013 obohacen\u00ed pachatele. Posta\u010duje, aby v d\u016fsledku jedn\u00e1n\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edho v uveden\u00ed v omyl utrp\u011bla po\u0161kozen\u00e1 osoba \u00fajmu a aby pachatel jednal s c\u00edlem z\u00edskat neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd majetkov\u00fd prosp\u011bch.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Tento trestn\u00fd \u010din se trest\u00e1 odn\u011bt\u00edm svobody v trv\u00e1n\u00ed od 6 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f do 3 let a p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed se i jeho pokus (pokud do\u0161lo k jedn\u00e1n\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edmu v uveden\u00ed v omyl, av\u0161ak ke vzniku \u0161kody nedo\u0161lo). V r\u00e1mci skutkov\u00e9 podstaty tohoto trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu stanov\u00ed odstavec (2) p\u0159it\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed okolnost: \u201ePodvod sp\u00e1chan\u00fd pou\u017eit\u00edm neprav\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na nebo postaven\u00ed anebo jin\u00fdch podvodn\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f\u201c, za kter\u00fd se ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody v rozmez\u00ed od 1 do 5 let.<\/span> Sm\u00edr stran vylu\u010duje trestn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

    Podvodn\u00e1 spr\u00e1va majetku<\/b><\/p>\n

    Trestn\u00fd \u010din podvodn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy majetku je kriminalizov\u00e1n \u010dl\u00e1nkem 242 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku, podle n\u011bho\u017e se trest\u00e1 \u201ezp\u016fsoben\u00ed \u0161kody jin\u00e9 osob\u011b p\u0159i spr\u00e1v\u011b nebo opatrov\u00e1n\u00ed jej\u00edho majetku t\u00edm, kdo m\u00e1 nebo m\u011bl povinnost se o spr\u00e1vu nebo opatrov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto majetku starat\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Tento \u010din m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n osobou (fyzickou nebo pr\u00e1vnickou), kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 postaven\u00ed spr\u00e1vce, hospod\u00e1\u0159e nebo opatrovn\u00edka ciz\u00edho majetku.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Hmotn\u00fdm p\u0159edm\u011btem<\/span><\/i> m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jak\u00fdkoli movit\u00fd nebo nemovit\u00fd, hmotn\u00fd \u010di nehmotn\u00fd majetek, kter\u00fd je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed majetku ur\u010dit\u00e9 osoby.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Jedn\u00e1n\u00ed napl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed skutkovou podstatu trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu podvodn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy majetku spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve zp\u016fsoben\u00ed \u0161kody (jedn\u00e1n\u00edm nebo opomenut\u00edm), ke kter\u00e9 dojde v pr\u016fb\u011bhu spr\u00e1vy nebo opatrov\u00e1n\u00ed majetku n\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00edho po\u0161kozen\u00e9 osob\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Spr\u00e1va majetku \u2013 zahrnuje \u010dinnosti specifick\u00e9 povaze dot\u010den\u00e9ho majetku (m\u016f\u017ee zahrnovat i mo\u017enost uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed dispozi\u010dn\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed k majetku).<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. Opatrov\u00e1n\u00ed (konzervace) majetku \u2013 spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v p\u0159ijet\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edch k zachov\u00e1n\u00ed hodnoty majetku (zamezen\u00ed jeho znehodnocen\u00ed).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Aby bylo jedn\u00e1n\u00ed typick\u00e9, je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed existence postaven\u00ed z\u00e1stupce nebo spr\u00e1vce, spojen\u00e1 se vznikem \u0161kody<\/span>.<\/span><\/i>Tento trestn\u00fd \u010din se trest\u00e1 odn\u011bt\u00edm svobody v trv\u00e1n\u00ed od 6 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f do 3 let nebo pen\u011b\u017eit\u00fdm trestem a pokus nen\u00ed trestn\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

      V r\u00e1mci skutkov\u00e9 podstaty tohoto trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu stanov\u00ed odstavec (2) p\u0159it\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed okolnost: \u201ePokud byl \u010din [\u2026] sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n insolven\u010dn\u00edm spr\u00e1vcem, likvid\u00e1torem majetku dlu\u017en\u00edka nebo jejich z\u00e1stupcem \u010di zmocn\u011bncem\u201c, ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 se trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody v rozmez\u00ed od 1 do 5 let.<\/span> Trestn\u00ed st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed se zahajuje na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159edchoz\u00edho n\u00e1vrhu po\u0161kozen\u00e9 osoby a sm\u00edr stran vylu\u010duje trestn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost.<\/span><\/i>D\u00e1le plat\u00ed, \u017ee pokud jsou \u010diny uveden\u00e9 v odstavc\u00edch (1) a (2) sp\u00e1ch\u00e1ny za \u00fa\u010delem z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed majetkov\u00e9ho prosp\u011bchu, trestem je odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody v trv\u00e1n\u00ed od 2 do 7 let.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Pro\u010d by v\u00e1s m\u011bl advok\u00e1t specializovan\u00fd na trestn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo z Klu\u017ee zastupovat p\u0159ed org\u00e1ny \u010dinn\u00fdmi v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo p\u0159ed soudem? Konzultace s advok\u00e1tem specializovan\u00fdm na trestn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo je nezbytn\u00e1 po celou dobu trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v p\u0159\u00edpadech trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f proti majetku, s ohledem na p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 tresty za tento druh trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e9 mohou v […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":15381,"parent":16913,"menu_order":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-16963","servicii","type-servicii","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","layout_category-drept-penal"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blaj-law.ro\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/servicii\/16963","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blaj-law.ro\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/servicii"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blaj-law.ro\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/servicii"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blaj-law.ro\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/servicii\/16913"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blaj-law.ro\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15381"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blaj-law.ro\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16963"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}